Adoption

What the publications show

1. Use is best measured in software development. Utrecht University estimates that AI writes 29 per cent of Python functions in the US; Université de Bordeaux finds coding agents in 22.20 to 28.66 per cent of GitHub projects a few months after their arrival.

   Utrecht University, 2026 (opens in a new window) · Université de Bordeaux, 2026 (opens in a new window) · GitHub, 2025 (opens in a new window)

2. Financial supervisors report widespread use of AI, at over 90 per cent of banks supervised by the ECB and 65 per cent of European insurers. Interviews by the University of Limerick show that insurers mainly introduce low-risk internal applications.

   ECB Banking Supervision, 2026 (opens in a new window) · ECB Banking Supervision, 2026 (opens in a new window) · EIOPA, 2026 (opens in a new window) · Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM), 2026 (opens in a new window) · University of Limerick, 2026 (opens in a new window)

3. Several surveys and analyses find that the share of organisations seeing AI productivity gains in their bottom line has been stuck at just over a third for two years. Politecnico di Milano points to the difference between being ready for AI and getting value from it.

   McKinsey, 2026 (opens in a new window) · Boston Consulting Group, 2026 (opens in a new window) · MIT NANDA, 2025 (opens in a new window) · Capgemini Research Institute, 2026 (opens in a new window) · Politecnico di Milano, 2026 (opens in a new window)

4. Studies of acceptance find that attitude and digital skills weigh heavily. In an experiment by the Technical University of Munich, growth mindset training improves attitudes towards AI; Poznań University of Technology finds a more positive view among the more digitally skilled.

   Technical University of Munich, 2026 (opens in a new window) · Poznań University of Technology, 2026 (opens in a new window) · University of Sheffield, 2026 (opens in a new window) · University of London, 2025 (opens in a new window)

5. In healthcare, use is running ahead of preparation. In a Hellenic Open University study, 7.8 per cent of Greek nurses consider the profession sufficiently prepared, and in the California State University survey 42.4 per cent of healthcare professionals had received formal training.

   Hellenic Open University, 2026 (opens in a new window) · California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2026 (opens in a new window) · M&I/Partners, 2026 (opens in a new window)

Topics within adoption

This list shows what the publications on this theme are about, with the number for each topic. Open a topic to see its publications; if a topic has a briefing, the link is underneath.

• AI in software development6 publications

  • Dynamics of Sentiment and Attitudes Toward AI Among Developers · JetBrains, 2026
  • The results of the 2026 Developer Survey are here! · Stack Overflow, 2026
  • Agentic Much? Adoption of Coding Agents on GitHub · Université de Bordeaux, 2026
  • Who is using AI to code? Global diffusion and impact of generative AI · Utrecht University, 2026
  • Octoverse: A new developer joins GitHub every second as AI leads TypeScript to #1 · GitHub, 2025
  • The State of Developer Ecosystem 2025: Coding in the Age of AI, New Productivity Metrics, and Changing Realities · JetBrains, 2025
  Briefing: AI in software development and the trouble with measuring productivity →
• Financial services5 publications

  • Digital innovation: hindrance or booster for banks’ business models? · ECB Banking Supervision, 2026
  • Technology is neutral, governance is not: AI adoption in the banking sector · ECB Banking Supervision, 2026
  • EIOPA survey on Generative AI shows swift but cautious adoption among Europe’s insurers · EIOPA, 2026
  • AI in Nederlandse assetmanagementsector: gebruik groeit, risico’s groeien mee · Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM), 2026
  • Generative AI adoption and barriers in the insurance industry · University of Limerick, 2026
  Briefing: AI use and ownership in the financial sector, as supervisors see it →
• From pilot to results7 publications

  • The state of AI in 2026: On the road to ROI · McKinsey, 2026
  • AI at Work: Why Strategy Matters More Than Tools · Boston Consulting Group, 2026
  • The GenAI Divide: State of AI in Business 2025 · MIT NANDA, 2025
  • The multi-year AI advantage: Building the enterprise of tomorrow · Capgemini Research Institute, 2026
  • Are projects ready for AI — or for the value it generates? · Politecnico di Milano, 2026
  • The Overhang · One Useful Thing, 2026
  • Bedrijven gebruiken AI vaakst voor marketing of verkoop · CBS, 2025
  Briefing: GenAI pilots, productivity gains and the bottom line →
• Employee acceptance4 publications

  • From understanding resistance to fostering acceptance: how mindsets impact GenAI adoption · Technical University of Munich, 2026
  • Digital skills and experience as drivers of AI acceptance: evidence from the Eurobarometer 2024 · Poznań University of Technology, 2026
  • Contextual resources and digital attitudes (CResDA) supporting technology acceptance: measurement and conceptual validation · University of Sheffield, 2026
  • Digital Transformation of the Supply Chain: An Empirical Assessment of Employee Perceptions of Technology Acceptance in Private Sector Companies in India · University of London, 2025
• Healthcare3 publications

  • Digital Skills and Readiness of Greek Nurses for Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Clinical Nursing Practice · Hellenic Open University, 2026
  • Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) Adoption, Adaptation, Assimilation, and Use in the United States · California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2026
  • AI Monitor Ziekenhuizen 2026. Wat is de stand van zaken van AI bij Nederlandse ziekenhuizen? · M&I/Partners, 2026
  Briefing: AI use, training and AI policy among healthcare professionals →
• Shadow AI2 publications

  • AI in Nederlandse assetmanagementsector: gebruik groeit, risico’s groeien mee · Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM), 2026
  • Monitor Digitalisering Onderwijs 2025. Onderzoeksrapportage digitalisering in het funderend onderwijs · Kennisnet, PO-Raad and VO-raad, 2025
  Briefing: Shadow AI: employees' own AI tools and the policy lagging behind →
• Organisational roll-out8 publications

  • Managing Grassroots and Boardrooms: Change Strategies for Navigating Agentic AI in Organizations · WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2026
  • Why AI adoption stalls on the shopfloor, and how retail leaders can fix it (Talking Shop 2026) · Rotageek and Retail Week, 2026
  • Adapting practices in digital transformation: A video-based, sociomaterial study of hybrid art auctions · King's College London, 2026
  • Navigating Ambidextrous Tensions in Digital Transformation: A Case Study of an Interorganizational Construction Project · Umeå University, 2025
  • Implementing Sustainable Digital Transformation Based on the Working with People Model: Lessons from Experience in Large Companies · Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2025
  • Exploring Digitalization Challenges in German SMEs: A Gioia Method Approach · FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, 2026
  • A Design Science Framework for the Adoption and Implementation of Augmented Reality in Warehouse Logistics · National Technical University of Athens, 2026
  • Global Lighthouse Network Recognizes 23 New Sites, Launches AI Platform for Industrial Transformation · World Economic Forum, 2026

Briefings on this theme

Where several organisations publish roughly the same thing on a topic, we have used AI to compile a briefing. Click a card for the key point, the figures with their sources and what it means for the leadership team.

Briefings on other themes that touch on this one

These briefings belong to another theme but also cover adoption.